Cholesterol & its Ayurvedic Complement – Depicting its role in Pathogenesis as well as Management of Diabetes
Abstract
Role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is the emergent area of research with full of potential; it not only open a vast area of therapeutic interventions but also can change the prevailing treatment modality. Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine materialize the concept of lipocenteric approach for the management of diabetes even thousands of years back. According to Ayurveda, the natural properties of lipid are deranged that causes diabetes. It may prove beneficial to quest the search of herbal remedies that can harmonize the lipid balance and uproot the pathogenesis. In the presenting review article, role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is discussed along with detailed description of Ayurvedic concepts regarding pathogenesis and a brief description of herbal management.
Downloads
References
Sarah Wild, Gojka Roglic, Anders Green, Hilary King. Diabetes Care. 2004. 27 (5):1047 – Depicting its role in Managem REVIEW ARTICLE - June 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 3 Bibhitaki is Amalaki is around disorders. Madhuyasti Rasayan Richard Sicree, -1053.
Cerf ME. Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2013;4:37.
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2009;32 (Suppl 1):S62-S67.
Bardini G, Rotella CM, Giannini S. D Diabetes: Reciprocal Impact of Impaired Lipid Metabolism and Beta-Cell Dysfunction on Micro Macrovascular Complications. Studies : RDS. 2012;9(2-3):82
Boden G. Obesity and Free Fatty Acids (FFA). Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2008;37(3):635
Mingming Hao, W. Steven Head, Subhadra C. Gunawardana, Alyssa H. Hasty, David W. Piston. Direct Effect of Cholesterol on Insulin Secretion: A Novel Mechanism for Pancreatic Diabetes. 2007.56(9):2328
Le Lay S, Krief S, Farnier C, R, Ferre P, Dugail I. Cholesterol, a cell size signal that regulates glucose metabolism and gene expression in adipocytes. Chemistry. 2001.18;276(20):16904
P.L. Yeagle. Modulation of membrane function by cholesterol. Biochimie.1991. 73(10): 1303
Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Section 5.3, Biomembranes: Structural Organization and Basic Functions. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21583/
KA Nave. Myelination and the trophic support of long axons. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 283.
K Simons, E Ikonen. Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature. 1997. 387: 569-572. 12. Wang YM, Zhang B, CH, Yanagita T. The mechanism of die effects on lipids metabolism in rats. Dis. 2010 Jan 14;9:4.
DeBose-Boyd RA. Feedback Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis: Sterol-Accelerated Ubiquitination and Degradation of HMG CoA Reductase. 2008;18(6):609-621. doi:10.1038/cr.2008.61.
Brunham LR, Kruit JK, Verchere CB, Hayden MR. Cholesterol in islet dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008;118(2):403-408. doi:10.1172/JCI33296.
Poitout V, Amyot J, Semache M, Zarrouki B, Hagman D, Fontés G. Glucolipotoxicity of the Pancreatic Beta Cell. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2010;1801(3):289- 298. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.08.006.
Bogan, J. S., Xu, Y. and Hao, M. (2012), Cholesterol Accumulation Increases Insulin Granule Size and Impairs Membrane Trafficking. Traffic. 2012. 13: 1466– 1480.
Fryirs M, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Cholesterol metabolism and pancreatic beta-cell function. Current Opinion in Lipidology. 2009.20(3):159-64.
Langhi C, Cariou B. Cholesterol metabolism and betacell function. Medicine Science. 2010. 26(4):385-90.
Shukla VD, Tripathi RD. Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary. Delhi, India; Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthana, 2002.
R. S. Chandratre, S. Chandarana, S. A. Mengi. Lipid Lowering Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Cyperus Rotundus . IJRPC 2011, 1(4): 1042-45.
G. N. Okwu1, S. E. Abanobi , U. V. Nnadi , C. O. Ujowundu, A. C. Ene. Hypolipidemic Properties of Ethanol Extract of Cyperus rotundus Rhizome. International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review 7(3): 132-138, 2015.
KR. Nagulendran, R. Mahesh,V. Hazeena Begum. Preventive role of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes extract on age associated changes in glucose and lipids. Pharmacologyonline 2: 318-325 (2007).
Jones PJH, MacDougall DE, Ntanios F, Vanstone CA. Dietary phytosterols as cholesterol-lowering agents in humans. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997;75:217-227.
Kang SY, Kim SH, Schini VB, Kim ND. Dietary ginsenosides improve endothelium-dependent relaxation in the thoracic aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbit. Gen Pharmacol 1995;26:483-487.
Chen HC, Chou CK, Lee SD, Wang JC, Yeh SF. Active compounds from Saussurea lappa Clarks that suppress hepatitis B virus surface antigen gene expression in human hepatoma cells. Antiviral Res.1995;27:99–109.
Ambavade SD, Mhetre NA, Tate VD, Bodhankar SL. Pharmacological evaluation of anxiolytic effect of aqueous extracts of Saussurea lappa roots in mice. Eur J Integr Med. 2009;1:131–7.
J. Anbu, A. Anjana, K. Purushothaman, M. Sumithra, S. Suganya, N. Kumar Bathula. Evaluation of Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Saussurae lappa in Rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 2011; 2(4) : 550-56.
Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Berlin: Sringer-verlag; 2007. Saussurea lappa; pp. 586–7.
Shah NC. Herbal folk medicines in Northern India. J Ethnopharmacol. 1982;6:293–301.
Sircar NN. Pharmaco-therapeutics of dasemani drugs. Anc Sci Life. 1984;3:132–5.
Lechner-Knecht S. Sacred healing plants in Nepal. Dtsch Apoth Ztg. 1982; 122:2122–9.
Babu PS, Srinivasan K. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Molecular Cell Biochemistry. 1997 Jan;166(1-2):169-75.
Lekhani Pashine, J V Singh, A K Vaish, S K Ojha, A A Mahdi .Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Overweight Hyperlipidemic Subjects: Double Blind Study. Indian Journal of Community Health. 2012; 24 (2): 113-17.
Rao DS, Sekhara NC, Satyanarayana MN, Srinivasan M. Effect of curcumin on serum and liver cholesterol levels in the rat. J. Nutr. 1970; 100 (11), 1307–1315.
Asai A, Miyazawa T. Dietary curcuminoids prevent high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in rat liver and epididymal adipose tissue. J Nutr. 2001; 131(11): 2932- 2935.
Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Mesa MD, Aguilera MC, Quiles JL, Baro L, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Martinez-Victoria E, Gil A. Oral administration of a turmeric extract inhibits LDL oxidation and has hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1999; 147(2): 371-378.
Alwi I, Santoso T, Suyono S, Sutrisna B, Suyatna FD, Kresno SB, Ernie S. The effect of curcumin on lipid level in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Acta Med Indones. 2008; 40(4): 201-210.
F. A. Razzaq , R. A. Khan, Z. Feroz , S. Afroz . Effect of Berberis aristata on lipid profile and coagulation parameters. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2011;5(7): 943-947.
Sharma SB, Hasir A, Prabhu KM, Murthy PS, Dwv G. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipedemic effect of ethanolic extracts of seeds of Eugenia Jambolona in Alloxan induced Diabetic rabbits. Journal of Ethanopharmacology 2003; 85: 201-206.
N. K. Upwar, R. Patel, N. Waseem, N. K. Mahobia. Hypoglycemic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Berberis Aristata DC Stem on Normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 3(1): 222-24.
P.K. Mukherjee, V. Kumar, M.Mal, Peter J. Houghton. Acorus calamus.: Scientific Validation of Ayurvedic Tradition from Natural Resources. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2007; 45(8): 651-66.
R.S. Parab, S.A. Mengi. Hypolipidemic activity of Acorus calamus L. in rats. Fitoterapia. 2002; 73(6): 451-55.
Mei-mei Si, Jian-shu Lou, Chang-Xin Zhou, Juan-Na Shen, Hong-Hai Wu, Bo Yang, et. al. Insulin releasing and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Acorus calamus in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010; 128(1): 154-159.
M.D. Ukani, N.K Mehta , D.D Nanavati . Aconitum Heterophyllum (Ativisha) in Ayurveda. Ancient Science of life. 1996; 26: 166 -171.
A.K.Subash, A.Augustine. Hypolipidemic effect of methanol fraction of Aconitum heterophyllum wall ex Royle and the mechanism of action in diet-induced obese rats. Journal of Advance Pharmaceutical and Technology Research. 2012 ;3(4):224-8.
V. Singh , A. Chaudhary, Gunjan. Anti-hyper lipidemic activity of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth Roots. International Journal of Drug Development and Research. 2012; 4(3): 88-91.
P. Kumar, A. Semalty, S.R. Mir, M. Ali and S. Amin, 2010. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre in Streptozotocininduced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharmacology, 6: 738-743.
Sharma, S.R., S.K. Dwivedi and D. Swarup, 1996. Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of cinnamomum tamala Nees leaves. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 34: 372-374.
Sudha R. Pendurkar, Sushma A. Mengi. Antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract of Plumbago zeylanica roots in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rat. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2009;47(10): 1004-1010.
Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Preparations of Adipose Tissue Metabolism. Bambhole, V.D. Ancient Science of Life. 1988; 8(2): 117-124.
C. Ramachandran, Smitha M. Nair, Karl-W. Quirrin, Steven J. Melnick. Hypolipidemic Effects of a Proprietary Commiphora Mukul Gum Resin Extract and Medium-Chain Triglyceride Preparation (GU-MCT810). Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013; 18 (4): 248-256.
P.Paul, M.K.Islam, A.Mustari, M.Z.I.Khan. Hypolipidemic Effect of Ginger Extract in Vanaspati Fed Rats. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2012; 10(1and2): 93-96.
Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD (1996). Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Health Care professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK. pp. 135-137.
Tanabe M, Chen YD, Saito K, Kano Y(1993). Cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitory component from Zingiber officinale. Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin 41: 710-713.
Ahmed RS, Seth V and Banerjee BD (2000). Influence of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the antioxidant defense system in rat: comparison with ascorbic acid. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 38: 604-606.
Srinivasan K, Sambaiah K (1991). The effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 61: 364- 369.
G. Kumar, A. Srivastava, S.K.Sharma, Y.K.Gupta. The hypolipidemic activity of Ayurvedic medicine, Arogyavardhini vati in Triton WR-1339- induced hyperlipidemic rats: A comparison with fenofibrate. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2013 Jul-Sep; 4(3): 165–170.
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) retains the copyright of the contents of this journal but grant the readers the right to use the contents with terms and conditions under a creative common attribution licenses 4 of Attribution, Share Alike and Non-commercial type (CC BY-NC-SA) that allows copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
