Comparative Analytical Study of Mukta Bhasma and Mukta Pishti: A Pharmaceutico-Analytical and Therapeutic Perspective

Abstract

Mukta (Pearl) holds a prestigious position in Rasashastra due to its Shita (cooling), Pittahara, Hridya (cardiac tonic), and Rasayana (rejuvenating) properties. It is extensively used in various forms, notably Mukta Bhasma and Mukta Pishti, both derived from the same raw material yet differing significantly in their method of preparation, physicochemical properties, and likely therapeutic outcomes. Mukta Pishti is prepared through a cold process involving levigation with rose water, preserving its organic and aqueous solubility traits. In contrast, Mukta Bhasma is obtained by a high-temperature Marana (incineration) process following proper Shodhana (purification), which transforms the raw material into a fine, stable, and bio-absorbable form. This comparative analytical study aims to evaluate both forms using classical Bhasma Pariksha (such as Rekhapurnatva, Varitaratva, and Nischandratva) and modern analytical techniques like X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle Size Analysis, Zeta Potential, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results revealed significant differences: Mukta Bhasma exhibited a finer particle size, higher crystallinity, and better dispersion stability, while Mukta Pishti retained organic traces and presented a relatively larger particle size. These findings highlight the importance of choosing the appropriate form based on clinical indication, desired bioavailability, and patient condition. While both formulations serve vital therapeutic roles, Mukta Bhasma may be more effective in chronic systemic disorders, and Mukta Pishti is preferable for acute Pitta-dominant conditions. This study contributes to evidence-based decision-making in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics and supports the rational, therapeutic use of mineral formulations in clinical practice.