Comprehensive review on Arishtaka (Sapindus trifoliatus L. and S. mukorossi Gaertn)
Abstract
Introduction: Arishtaka is a small to medium sized deciduous tree, mentioned in Ayurveda classics which is botanically identified as Sapindus trifoliatus L. and Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. belonging to family Sapindaceae. Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is mainly used in North India while Sapindus trifoliatus in Southern India. Fruit, root, leaf and seed are the useful parts. The plant has been mentioned with different synonyms in our classics. Objective: To obtain a comprehensive review on Arishtaka from Ayurvedic scriptures and ethnomedicinal practices. Method: Information regarding the drug Arishtaka has been compiled from Brhattrayi - Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hrudaya and Samgraha, printed and online sources of Nighantu, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda, Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants, Indian Medicinal Plants, Indian Materia Medica, Wealth of India, Dravyaguna Vijnana Volume 2 by Priyavrat Sharma, Dravyakosha by Karnataka Knowledge Commission, Dravyaguna Hastamalaka and Online articles related to experimental study on Sapindus species. Result: The drug shows wide therapeutic and folklore use. It was found the drug was known with 22 synonyms which was compiled from 6 Nighantus. Conclusion: Since the drug is available in the most parts of Indian subcontinent, further experimental, pre-clinical and clinical research on the drug is required to establish the therapeutic efficiency and mechanism of action on the above-mentioned disorders.
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