Critical Review of Bhavana Processes with special reference to its Utility in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics

Abstract

Background: Bhavana is a process of wet grinding in which a powdered drug of herbal, animal or mineral origin are ground with particular liquid media (expressed juice, decoction, urine etc.) for a specific period. This process of trituration is followed by drying and is carried out till attainment of Subhavit Lakshana and complete absorption of liquid into the powder and drying of the mixture is done. Objectives: To have the critical review of Bhavana process with reference to the changes taking place during Bhavana and to study its utility in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics. Materials and Methods: The physical, chemical and biological changes are noted; Processes involved and role of Bhavana Dravyas are also noted; role of Bhavana Dravyas, use of Bhavana in Rasaushadhi preparation; different types of Bhavana are discussed. Griffith Theory in Particle Size Reduction is also discussed in this research article. Results: Bhavana performed through Levigation or soaking method along with the prescribed liquid media imparts certain physical, chemical and biological changes. The processes involved offer multiple benefits to the Bhavana Dravyas. Conclusion: Bhavana is one of the most scientific methods described in the Ayurvedic texts. It is one of the Samskaras which potentiates the therapeutic properties and thus is most useful process in the Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics.