Holistic approach to the Neuromusculo Diseases related to Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column

Abstract

The spinal cord is a complex organization of nerve cells responsible for movement and sensation. It carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Spinal cord injuries can range from sensory loss to incomplete or complete paralysis. Spinal cord diseases are a heterogeneous group of conditions that cause damage or dysfunction of the spinal cord. They include infections, inflammatory disorders, vascular diseases and disorders that affect the meninges or perimeningeal spaces that surround the spinal cord. Motor, sensory, reflex, and sphincter abnormalities may be used to determine the location of a lesion within one of four major longitudinal divisions of the spinal cord. The divisions are cervical (C1–C5 spinal cord segments), cervical enlargement (C6–T2), thoracolumbar (T3–L3), and lumbar enlargement (L4–Cd5). A disorder of each of the four regions of the spinal cord results in a combination of neurological signs that is specific for the region involved. Recognition of a characteristic group of clinical signs therefore allows accurate localization of a spinal cord lesion. Spinal Cord disorders are conditions that cause damage and deterioration to the spinal cord. These conditions include Spinal stenosis, Herniated Discs, Degenerative disc disease etc. Symptoms of Spinal Cord Disorders are weakness or paralysis of limbs, loss of sensation, uncontrolled muscle spasms and back pain etc. Having knowledge of the location and structure of the protective spinal cord can help healthcare professionals to provide pain relief for certain procedures.